Biographies
Johannes Gutenberg
A European printer associated with a successful fifteenth-century movable-type printing system.
Chronqivex / Reference
A closer look.
Browse 19 reference profiles. Each page links to further reading and distinguishes source data from simplified guidance.
19 records
Biographies
Ada Lovelace
A nineteenth-century writer and mathematician known for her notes on Charles Babbage’s Analytical Engine.
Biographies
Marie Curie
A physicist and chemist whose research helped establish the study of radioactivity.
Biographies
Ibn Battuta
A fourteenth-century traveller whose journeys were recorded in a travel account.
Biographies
Zheng He
A Ming-era admiral associated with major state-sponsored maritime expeditions.
Biographies
Mansa Musa
A ruler of the Mali Empire remembered for his pilgrimage and connections across trade networks.
Dynasties
Han dynasty
A long-lived imperial dynasty, conventionally divided into Western and Eastern Han with an intervening interruption.
Dynasties
Tang dynasty
A major imperial dynasty associated with extensive trade and cultural exchange. Political control varied across the period.
Dynasties
Ming dynasty
An imperial dynasty associated with major state institutions, construction and maritime expeditions.
Dynasties
Abbasid caliphate
A caliphal dynasty whose political authority and regional relationships changed over centuries. Later Abbasid history extends beyond the Baghdad period.
Dynasties
Ottoman dynasty
A dynasty associated with an empire spanning parts of Europe, Asia and Africa at different times. Its borders were not constant.
Ancient
Great Pyramid of Giza
Approximate completion date; ancient chronology is subject to scholarly interpretation.
Ancient
Athenian reforms
Reforms associated with Cleisthenes helped reshape Athenian civic institutions.
Ancient
Paper-making account
Traditional date associated with Cai Lun’s report; paper existed earlier.
Medieval
Charlemagne crowned emperor
A reference point in the political history of western Europe.
Medieval
Magna Carta
An English royal charter later reinterpreted in constitutional traditions.
Early modern
Gutenberg Bible
Approximate completion of an influential early European printed Bible.
Modern
French Revolution begins
A series of social and political upheavals, rather than a single event.
Modern
Apollo 11 Moon landing
The first crewed lunar landing took place in July 1969.